Networks on GAITPU

Secure QUIC Load Balancing: Why TCP Architectures Must Evolve

Tue, 11 Aug 2026 23:23:41 +0800

Secure QUIC Load Balancing: Why TCP Architectures Must Evolve

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Securing Load Balancing over QUIC

Curtiss-Wright Launches SOSA-Aligned 10GbE TSN Switch

Sat, 08 Aug 2026 20:47:08 +0800

Curtiss-Wright Launches SOSA-Aligned 10GbE TSN Switch

Curtiss-Wright has introduced the VPX3-656 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) 10GbE switch, a 3U OpenVPX networking module designed to provide deterministic Ethernet communications for aerospace and defense platforms.

NVIDIA Invests $1 Billion in Nokia to Accelerate AI-RAN and 6G

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 23:27:39 +0800

NVIDIA Invests $1 Billion in Nokia to Accelerate AI-RAN and 6G

NVIDIA continues to expand beyond traditional AI infrastructure with another strategic move into a trillion-dollar industry. On July 15, 2026, Nokia announced a landmark partnership with NVIDIA to develop the world’s first commercial AI-RAN (Artificial Intelligence Radio Access Network) platform. As part of the agreement, NVIDIA will invest $1 billion in Nokia, acquiring an equity stake at $6.01 per share.

REPS Explained: Lightweight Load Balancing for AI Clusters at Scale

Wed, 15 Jul 2026 02:04:10 +0800

REPS Explained: Lightweight Load Balancing for AI Clusters at Scale

Modern AI training clusters place unprecedented demands on data center networks. Large-scale distributed training relies on collective communication operations such as AllReduce, AllGather, and All-to-All, producing highly synchronized traffic bursts that can saturate network links within microseconds.

Rohde & Schwarz Launches NEMACS Combat Cloud at ILA Berlin 2026

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 22:43:08 +0800

Rohde & Schwarz Launches NEMACS Combat Cloud at ILA Berlin 2026

Rohde & Schwarz has officially introduced NEMACS (Networked Multipoint Array Communications System) at ILA Berlin 2026, unveiling a next-generation combat cloud designed to provide secure, resilient, and high-bandwidth communications for modern multi-domain military operations.

Wi-Fi 8 Explained: Why Reliability Matters More Than Speed

Thu, 25 Jun 2026 20:28:53 +0800

Wi-Fi 8 Explained: Why Reliability Matters More Than Speed

For nearly two decades, every new Wi-Fi generation followed a familiar formula: higher bandwidth, faster modulation, and larger headline throughput numbers. Wi-Fi 8 breaks that pattern.

Ethernet Switch Market Hits $15.4B as NVIDIA Leads Data Center Surge

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 23:04:14 +0800

Ethernet Switch Market Hits $15.4B as NVIDIA Leads Data Center Surge

📊 Market Overview: Record $15.4 Billion Quarter
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The global Ethernet switch market reached $15.4 billion in Q1 2026, according to IDC’s Quarterly Ethernet Switch Tracker, representing a strong 39.8% year-over-year growth.

The Future of Optical Communication: From Fiber to CPO

Sat, 13 Jun 2026 01:03:17 +0800

The Future of Optical Communication: From Fiber to CPO

The explosive growth of artificial intelligence has transformed optical communication from a niche infrastructure technology into one of the most strategically important sectors in modern computing. As AI clusters scale from thousands to potentially millions of interconnected accelerators, demand for bandwidth, energy efficiency, and low-latency communication continues to rise at an unprecedented pace.

T-Head Panmai 920: China's First 400G Smart NIC with PCIe Switch

Sun, 07 Jun 2026 14:42:01 +0800

T-Head Panmai 920: China’s First 400G Smart NIC with PCIe Switch

As large-scale AI training and inference workloads continue to grow, network communication has become one of the most significant bottlenecks limiting cluster-scale computing performance. High-bandwidth, low-latency interconnects are now critical components of modern AI infrastructure, especially in deployments consisting of thousands or even tens of thousands of accelerators.

AWS Resilient Network Graphs: Reinventing Data Center Networking

Thu, 04 Jun 2026 23:52:50 +0800

AWS Resilient Network Graphs: Reinventing Data Center Networking

For more than a decade, Clos and Fat-tree topologies have served as the foundation of hyperscale cloud networking. From enterprise data centers to the largest public cloud providers, hierarchical network fabrics have become the industry standard for delivering predictable bandwidth and operational simplicity.

PACE4ACE: RTX’s Self-Healing Network for Agile Combat Operations

Thu, 04 Jun 2026 22:50:35 +0800

PACE4ACE: RTX’s Self-Healing Network for Agile Combat Operations

Modern military operations increasingly rely on distributed forces operating across vast geographic areas while facing persistent threats from jamming, electronic warfare, and degraded communications environments. Ensuring uninterrupted connectivity has therefore become as critical as maintaining air superiority or logistical support.

Why NVIDIA Sees Co-Packaged Optics as the Future of AI Networking

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:29:29 +0800

Why NVIDIA Sees Co-Packaged Optics as the Future of AI Networking

As AI infrastructure scales toward clusters containing hundreds of thousands—or eventually millions—of accelerators, networking is rapidly becoming the industry’s most critical bottleneck. While GPUs remain the centerpiece of AI computing, the ability to move data efficiently between those processors increasingly determines overall system performance.

SpaceX Secures $2.29 Billion Contract for Pentagon Space Network

Tue, 02 Jun 2026 23:52:17 +0800

SpaceX Secures $2.29 Billion Contract for Pentagon Space Network

SpaceX has been awarded a $2.29 billion contract by the U.S. Space Force to accelerate the deployment of a large-scale low-Earth orbit (LEO) communications constellation that will form the backbone of the Pentagon’s next-generation space communications infrastructure.

Google Jupiter: A Decade of Evolution in Hyperscale Datacenter Networking

Sat, 30 May 2026 00:09:49 +0800

Google Jupiter: A Decade of Evolution in Hyperscale Datacenter Networking

Recently, Google Jupiter received the 2026 ACM SIGCOMM Networking Systems Award. This marks Google’s second major SIGCOMM systems recognition within five years, following the award-winning B4 WAN architecture in 2021.

AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) Deep Dive: Determinism, Redundancy, and Frame Architecture

Fri, 29 May 2026 23:59:05 +0800

AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) Deep Dive: Determinism, Redundancy, and Frame Architecture

In the previous article, we explored the deterministic foundations of AFDX and examined the three core pillars that enable predictable avionics networking: Virtual Links (VLs), Bandwidth Allocation Gap (BAG), and Traffic Shaping.

Deep Dive Into AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) Architecture

Fri, 29 May 2026 01:07:47 +0800

Deep Dive Into AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) Architecture

Modern avionics platforms rely on deterministic and fault-tolerant communication networks to support flight-critical operations. In aerospace systems, unpredictable latency, packet loss, or uncontrolled congestion are unacceptable because communication failures can directly affect flight safety, navigation integrity, and system coordination.

Cisco, Arista, and NVIDIA Battle for AI Networking Dominance

Fri, 29 May 2026 00:36:32 +0800

Cisco, Arista, and NVIDIA Battle for AI Networking Dominance

The AI networking market is undergoing a historic power shift.

Cisco Q3 2026 Earnings Reveal AI Networking’s New Power Shift

Fri, 22 May 2026 01:40:39 +0800

Cisco Q3 2026 Earnings Reveal AI Networking’s New Power Shift

For the past several years, the AI infrastructure narrative has been dominated almost entirely by semiconductor vendors. The industry fixation centered on GPU compute density, accelerated training performance, and increasingly aggressive chip roadmaps from companies like Nvidia and AMD.

OpenAI MRC Protocol Powers 100,000-GPU AI Superclusters

Fri, 08 May 2026 19:35:28 +0800

OpenAI MRC Protocol Powers 100,000-GPU AI Superclusters

Training frontier AI models such as ChatGPT increasingly requires infrastructure operating at unprecedented scale. Modern training runs can involve hundreds of thousands of GPUs spread across thousands of servers, exchanging terabytes of synchronized data every second.

MRC Protocol Redefines AI Supercomputer Networking

Fri, 08 May 2026 00:14:43 +0800

MRC Protocol Redefines AI Supercomputer Networking

OpenAI, alongside NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, and Broadcom, has introduced a new networking protocol called MRC designed to address one of the largest bottlenecks in large-scale AI training: wasted GPU compute caused by network congestion and failures.

6 ns Hardware Timer: IEEE TC Breakthrough for RDMA and DPU

Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:47:53 +0800

6 ns Hardware Timer: IEEE TC Breakthrough for RDMA and DPU

🔍 Overview
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Timers are often treated as low-level utilities, yet in high-speed networking they are foundational to scheduling, retransmission, congestion control, and flow management. As RDMA, SmartNICs, and programmable data planes push toward nanosecond-level precision, traditional timer designs—especially software-based approaches—have become a critical bottleneck.

Rail-Only Networks: How AI Is Redefining Data Center Design

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 23:02:02 +0800

Rail-Only Networks: How AI Is Redefining Data Center Design

As of April 22, 2026, the era of “one-size-fits-all” data center networking is over. While Clos (leaf-spine) architectures remain foundational for general workloads, the rise of large language models (LLMs) is driving a fundamental shift toward rail-optimized and rail-only network designs.

Open Scale-Up Ethernet: The New Battleground for AI Infrastructure

Fri, 17 Apr 2026 22:20:42 +0800

Open Scale-Up Ethernet: The New Battleground for AI Infrastructure

By 2026, a fundamental shift has taken hold in AI system design: the move away from proprietary, closed interconnects (such as NVLink-style architectures) toward Open Scale-Up Ethernet.

RDMA Explained: The Backbone of High-Performance Networking

Thu, 16 Apr 2026 14:53:49 +0800

RDMA Explained: The Backbone of High-Performance Networking

RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) is a high-performance networking technology that allows one computer to directly read from or write to another computer’s memory—without heavy involvement from the CPU or operating system.

Mastering tcpdump: A Complete Guide to Linux Network Analysis

Tue, 07 Apr 2026 23:06:05 +0800

Mastering tcpdump: A Complete Guide to Linux Network Analysis

tcpdump is the de facto command-line packet analyzer for Linux and Unix-like systems. It enables engineers to capture, inspect, and analyze network traffic in real time, making it indispensable for troubleshooting, security auditing, and protocol-level debugging.

G.652.D vs G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Single-Mode Fiber Guide

Sat, 04 Apr 2026 22:34:53 +0800

G.652.D vs G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Single-Mode Fiber Guide

Choosing the right single-mode fiber (SMF) standard is critical for ensuring network reliability and performance.

Flat vs Round Cat6 Cables: Which Ethernet Cable Should You Choose?

Sat, 04 Apr 2026 19:12:12 +0800

Flat vs Round Cat6 Cables: Which Ethernet Cable Should You Choose?

Choosing the right Ethernet cable isn’t just about speed ratings—physical design matters.

AI Networking Boom: Ethernet Switch Market Hits $55B

Sat, 28 Mar 2026 17:27:30 +0800

AI Networking Boom: Ethernet Switch Market Hits $55B

📈 A Breakout Year for Ethernet Switching
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The global Ethernet switch market reached $55.1 billion in 2025, marking a 31.5% year-over-year increase—one of the fastest expansions in networking history.

DAC vs AOC Cables: Choosing High-Speed Interconnects for 2026 Data Centers and AI Clusters

Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:14:35 +0800

DAC vs AOC Cables: Choosing High-Speed Interconnects for 2026 Data Centers and AI Clusters

Modern data centers supporting AI training, cloud computing, and high-performance computing (HPC) require ultra-high-bandwidth, low-latency interconnects. In 2026, Direct Attached Copper (DAC) and Active Optical Cable (AOC) remain the dominant plug-and-play solutions, especially as 800G becomes standard and 1.6T adoption accelerates.

AI Networking 2026: Cisco, Arista, and Huawei Lead

Thu, 12 Mar 2026 21:39:36 +0800

AI Networking 2026: Cisco, Arista, and Huawei Lead

In 2026, networking has entered a new era. The traditional focus on port density and raw bandwidth has been replaced by a more critical metric: system-level efficiency.

Linux IP Configuration Guide: Setting IPv4 and IPv6

Tue, 10 Mar 2026 20:05:36 +0800

Linux IP Configuration Guide: Setting IPv4 and IPv6

Managing both IPv4 and IPv6 configurations is an essential skill for Linux system administrators and developers. IPv4 remains the dominant addressing scheme in many environments, while IPv6 is increasingly used in modern infrastructures due to its vastly larger address space.

iPerf3 Guide: Measuring Network Bandwidth Effectively

Tue, 10 Mar 2026 19:46:36 +0800

iPerf3 Guide: Measuring Network Bandwidth Effectively

iPerf3 is a widely used tool for measuring the maximum achievable bandwidth across IP networks. It is commonly used by system administrators, network engineers, and developers to diagnose network performance issues, validate infrastructure capacity, and benchmark high-speed links.

102.4T AI Switch Battle: ByteDance vs Alibaba Architectures

Tue, 10 Mar 2026 18:35:00 +0800

102.4T AI Switch Battle: ByteDance vs Alibaba Architectures

In early 2026, the AI infrastructure sector saw an important technological milestone as two major cloud players unveiled 102.4T switching platforms designed for next-generation AI clusters.

nftables vs iptables: The Future of Linux Firewalls

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:11:39 +0800

nftables vs. iptables: The Future of Linux Firewalls

For decades, iptables has been the standard firewall framework for Linux administrators. As network environments became more complex, however, limitations in the iptables design became increasingly apparent.

Cisco Silicon One G300: 102.4T AI Backbone for Agentic Era

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 11:57:56 +0800

Cisco Silicon One G300: Redefining the Backbone of the “Agentic AI” Era

Unveiled in February 2026, the Silicon One G300 represents a generational leap in AI-focused networking silicon. Delivering a staggering 102.4 Tbps of aggregate bandwidth, it doubles the capacity of its predecessor and signals a structural shift in how data center networks are architected for distributed AI workloads.

Why Ethernet Is Taking Over AI Data Center Networking

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 01:05:16 +0800

The Dominance of Ethernet: The End and Rebirth of AI Infrastructure Rivalry

For years, AI data center networking has been defined by a fundamental tension between Scale-Up and Scale-Out architectures. Ethernet—once dismissed as a legacy technology unsuited for high-performance computing—has now re-emerged as the unifying force across both domains.

Distributed Architecture: From Routers to AI Data Center Supernodes

Sat, 07 Feb 2026 23:55:31 +0800

🧱 Networking Planes: The Foundation of Distribution
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Modern network devices are logically divided into three planes:

ByteDance Unveils 102.4T AI Switch and HPN 6.0 to Power 100K-GPU Clusters

Sat, 07 Feb 2026 15:03:36 +0800

🚀 From Data Pipe to Productivity Engine
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In February 2026, ByteDance’s Volcano Engine officially revealed its self-developed 102.4T Ethernet switch alongside the HPN 6.0 (High Performance Network) architecture. As AI training clusters push beyond 100,000 GPUs, the network is no longer a passive interconnect—it has become a first-class productivity accelerator.

IFEC Explained: Memory-Semantic Acceleration Over Ethernet Scale-Up

Sat, 07 Feb 2026 11:45:36 +0800

🧠 Scale-Up Networks Become the New Compute Primitive
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Wi-Fi vs Bluetooth vs NFC: Wireless Technologies Compared

Sun, 25 Jan 2026 21:09:52 +0800

The Wireless Giants: Comparing Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC

Wireless technologies are the invisible threads tying together modern digital life. Although Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC all transmit data through the air, they are built for very different “stages” — from room-scale networking to device-to-device links and secure touch interactions.

China Enters Phase Two of 6G Technical Trials

Fri, 23 Jan 2026 22:18:15 +0800

China has formally entered the second phase of 6G technical trials, marking a transition from foundational research to structured, system-level validation. The announcement was made on January 21, 2026, during a State Council Information Office press conference reviewing national achievements in industry and information technology.

Designing Embedded Network Interfaces: MAC, PHY, and RMII

Sun, 18 Jan 2026 10:59:35 +0800

Designing an embedded network interface requires understanding how Ethernet functionality is partitioned across hardware blocks and how those blocks are connected on a PCB. This article introduces the core architectural concepts behind embedded Ethernet, focusing on MAC/PHY separation, interface standards, and practical hardware design decisions.

5G and Edge Computing: Powering Real-Time Intelligence

Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:49:42 +0800

5G and Edge Computing: A Synergistic Revolution

The rise of 5G networks and Edge Computing marks a major shift in how modern digital systems are designed and operated. Individually powerful, these two technologies become transformative when combined—enabling real-time intelligence, massive scalability, and ultra-responsive services for enterprises.

NAT Server Explained: Publishing Internal Services Securely

Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:44:38 +0800

Providing Internal Services to External Networks via NAT Server

In many enterprise networks, internal servers must provide services (such as HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP) to external users while remaining protected behind private IP addressing.
This is where NAT Server (also known as Static NAT or Port Forwarding) becomes essential.

TCP vs UDP Explained: Principles, Processes, and Key Differences

Sat, 10 Jan 2026 18:24:24 +0800

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) both operate at the Transport Layer of the OSI model. Their primary role is to deliver application data—such as files, web content, audio, and video—between hosts in a network.

VXLAN Explained: Scalable Network Virtualization for Modern Data Centers

Sat, 10 Jan 2026 14:57:40 +0800

Network virtualization is a foundational technology for modern data centers and cloud platforms. As workloads became more dynamic and multi-tenant, traditional VLAN-based designs began to show fundamental scalability and isolation limits.

Post-Cisco Era: How Arista Signals the Future of Networking

Fri, 09 Jan 2026 22:47:01 +0800

Since the early 2000s, the global network equipment market has experienced repeated structural reshaping. What began as near-total dominance by Cisco—with market share once approaching 70%—has evolved into a more fragmented, technology-driven landscape shaped by cloud computing, AI, and digital transformation.

The Evolution of Network Security: From Firewalls to GenAI

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 23:21:45 +0800

Since the earliest computer networks, security has evolved in direct response to scale, connectivity, and attacker sophistication. What began as simple packet filtering has transformed into identity-centric, AI-driven defense systems capable of autonomous response.

Ethernet Evolution: 1G vs 2.5G vs 5G Network Ports Explained

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 18:03:09 +0800

When evaluating network performance, the most common bottleneck is no longer Wi-Fi or storage—it is the physical Ethernet port itself. While hyperscale data centers are already deploying 100G and 400G links, the real battleground for homes, offices, and workstations in 2025 lies in 1G, 2.5G, and 5G Ethernet, collectively known as NBASE-T.

SmartNICs and DPUs: The New Backbone of Data Centers in 2025

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 17:38:28 +0800

As data centers move deeper into 2025, their architecture has reached a clear inflection point. Traditional CPUs—once responsible for everything from application logic to packet routing—are increasingly overwhelmed by infrastructure taxes: networking, security, storage virtualization, and observability.

ByteDance veRoCE Makes RDMA Work on Lossy Networks

Wed, 24 Dec 2025 22:10:48 +0800

🚀 RDMA Meets the Reality of Modern AI Clusters
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As large-scale AI training and inference systems continue to scale out, GPU-to-GPU communication efficiency has become a primary performance bottleneck. Traditional RDMA, particularly RoCEv2, offers excellent latency and CPU offload—but only under one strict condition: the network must be lossless.

RDMA Explained: How Remote Direct Memory Access Works

Wed, 10 Dec 2025 23:57:28 +0800

RDMA Explained: How Remote Direct Memory Access Works

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is a foundational technology in high-performance computing (HPC) and modern AI infrastructure, enabling extremely fast data movement between compute nodes with minimal CPU involvement. When implemented using RoCEv2 (RDMA over Converged Ethernet v2), it offers low latency, high throughput, and lossless transport across large-scale data center networks.

Future-Proofing Time-Sensitive Networking: A Practical Roadmap

Sun, 07 Dec 2025 00:02:42 +0800

The Practical Path to Future-Proof Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)

As factories, aircraft, vehicles, and embedded systems become more connected and data-driven, traditional Ethernet starts hitting deterministic limits. Ethernet was never designed for guaranteed real-time behavior—and when milliseconds matter, unpredictability becomes unacceptable.

HPE Launches 102.4T AI Switch and 1.6T Edge Router After Juniper Integration

Thu, 04 Dec 2025 23:08:37 +0800

HPE Unveils 102.4T Data Center Switch and 1.6T Edge Router After Juniper Integration

Just five months after completing its $14B acquisition of Juniper, HPE showcased the first wave of integration results at HPE Discover 2025 in Barcelona. The company revealed:

8 Essential Network Protocols Every Developer Should Know

Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

8 Essential Network Protocols Every Developer Should Know

Network protocols define the rules that allow distributed systems to exchange data across local networks and the internet. They determine how connections are established, how data is transported, how failures are handled, and how communication is secured.

How SmartNICs Became the Hero of Modern Data Centers

Sun, 21 Sep 2025 11:43:49 +0800

The year was 2003, and the tech industry hit a wall.

For nearly four decades, Moore’s Law kept delivering faster chips. But when transistors got too small, physics fought back: rising power consumption and heat threatened to melt processors. Dennard Scaling broke, Amdahl’s Law limited multi-core gains, and suddenly CPUs couldn’t keep up.

Demystifying MP-BGP EVPN VXLAN: A Complete Guide

Sat, 06 Sep 2025 13:57:10 +0800

MP-BGP EVPN VXLAN is a widely adopted overlay networking technology that delivers scalable, efficient, and flexible network virtualization. By combining Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP), Ethernet VPN (EVPN), and VXLAN, it solves the key challenges of traditional Layer 2 networks in modern data centers.

Understand Ultra Ethernet Three Types of Networks Explained

Sat, 23 Aug 2025 22:17:43 +0800

Ultra Ethernet (UE) is an emerging standard designed to meet the growing needs of high-performance computing (HPC), data centers, and AI workloads. In its latest paper “Ultra Ethernet’s Design Principles and Architectural Innovations”, the authors (who are also the lead contributors to the UE 1.0 specification) describe how UE is structured to support three fundamental types of networks.

Digital Twins Powering The US Department of Defense’s Network Modernization

Sat, 09 Aug 2025 11:14:53 +0800

Digital twins are bridging the gap between physical systems and digital intelligence, helping the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) effectively deploy artificial intelligence (AI) tools, accelerate modernization, and more efficiently deploy next-generation network capabilities and applications like Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2).

AMD Pensando Pollara 400G NIC Enters AI Data Center Deployment

Tue, 22 Jul 2025 22:38:23 +0800

AMD Pensando Pollara 400G NIC Enters AI Data Center Deployment

AMD is moving its Pensando Pollara 400G AI NIC from product introduction into real-world deployment as demand for high-bandwidth networking in AI clusters accelerates.

VCF 9.0 Provides a Unified Cloud Consumption Experience

Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:40:48 +0800

New Features in VCF Automation
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Cloud infrastructure automation is entering an exciting era! With the official release of VCF 9.0, it is set to revolutionize private clouds. VCF Automation is the core of VCF 9.0, underpinning the private cloud self-service experience. This breakthrough version introduces a range of new cloud infrastructure automation features that will help accelerate application innovation, reduce costs, and expand cloud governance and compliance capabilities in unprecedented ways. Let’s take a deep dive into three of these accessible and transformative private cloud design innovations.

How to Use mlxlink to Diagnose NVIDIA ConnectX-6 NICs

Wed, 09 Jul 2025 00:14:19 +0800

How to Use mlxlink to Diagnose NVIDIA ConnectX-6 NICs

NVIDIA’s mlxlink utility provides a detailed view of the physical and operational state of ConnectX network adapters, making it useful for validating high-speed Ethernet links and diagnosing physical-layer issues.

How to Install Apache MySQL PHP (LAMP Stack) on Ubuntu 24.04

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 10:32:43 +0800

Set up a complete LAMP stack on Ubuntu 24.04 to host dynamic web applications with Apache, MySQL, and PHP.

Introduction
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The LAMP stack is a foundational set of open-source tools used to host and serve web applications. It includes:

How to Set Up a Secure Apache Server on Ubuntu 24.04

Thu, 27 Mar 2025 13:01:17 +0800

In this detailed tutorial, we’ll guide you through the process of configuring a secure Apache web server on Ubuntu 24.04. Whether you’re launching a personal blog or a professional business site, these steps will help you establish a reliable and well-protected server. Throughout this guide, replace “yourdomain.com” with your actual domain name.

Linux Socket Programming How To

Sun, 12 Jan 2025 17:01:43 +0800

Overview
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First, the network. When we see this word, we immediately think of IP addresses and port numbers. So, what are the respective roles of IP addresses and ports?

Introduction to Ethernet PHY, MAC, and Their Communication Interfaces

Sun, 12 Jan 2025 11:14:36 +0800

This article introduces the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control), PHY (Physical Layer), and the standard communication interfaces between them—MII, GMII, SGMII, RMII, and RGMII.

100 Network Basics Every Developer and Engineer Should Know

Sun, 12 Jan 2025 10:56:13 +0800

100 Network Basics Every Developer and Engineer Should Know

Modern software systems depend on networks at almost every layer. APIs, microservices, cloud infrastructure, databases, containers, authentication systems, and distributed applications all rely on networking fundamentals.

IPSec vs SSL VPN: Architecture, Security, and Use Cases

Sat, 04 Jan 2025 15:03:47 +0800

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are a foundational technology for securing data over untrusted networks. While both IPSec and SSL VPNs provide encryption and authentication, they operate at different layers of the OSI model and are optimized for different deployment scenarios.

Linux NAT and Port Forwarding Explained

Sat, 04 Jan 2025 00:43:23 +0800

Network Address Translation (NAT) and port forwarding are foundational techniques that allow private networks to communicate with the public internet. On Linux systems, these functions are implemented in the kernel via the netfilter framework and configured using iptables.

How an Ethernet Switch Works

Sat, 28 Dec 2024 10:19:09 +0800

What is a Switch?
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Switching is a general term for the technology that automatically or manually routes information to the required path based on the communication needs of both ends. In a broad sense, a switch is a device that performs the function of information exchange in a communication system. This process was originally established manually. Of course, now we have widely adopted stored-program control switches, where the switching process is completed automatically.

Difference Between Wifi 6 and Wifi 7

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 15:36:26 +0800

WiFi 7 routers and WiFi 6 routers differ in terms of speed, frequency bands, and modulation techniques. Here is a detailed analysis.

Understanding Network Port Mapping and Port Forwarding

Thu, 26 Dec 2024 23:13:42 +0800

Port mapping—more commonly referred to as port forwarding—is a foundational networking technique that enables external systems on the internet to reach specific services hosted inside a private local area network (LAN). It acts as a controlled gateway between public networks and protected internal devices.

Private vs Public IP Address Ranges Explained

Thu, 26 Dec 2024 21:37:17 +0800

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a numerical identifier assigned to every device connected to a network. It enables devices to locate each other and exchange data across local networks and the global internet.

Introduction to 8 Network Security Tools

Tue, 03 Dec 2024 23:35:57 +0800

Network security engineers play a crucial role in maintaining and protecting the security of information systems. To effectively accomplish this task, they need to master and use a variety of tools. This article will provide a detailed introduction to eight essential tools for network security engineers, including Snort, Wireshark, Nmap, Metasploit, Nessus, OpenVAS, Firewall, and Proxy Server.

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) Explained: How It Works and When to Use It

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 22:18:50 +0800

In modern networks, domain names provide human-friendly access to services, while IP addresses handle actual routing. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) bridges the gap when a device’s public IP address changes frequently, allowing stable access through a fixed domain name.

Guide for Google AdSense Users on Obtaining a "Certificate of Chinese Fiscal Resident"

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 17:06:36 +0800

In the digital advertising sphere, Google AdSense is undoubtedly a widely-used and highly-regarded platform. As both advertisers and website owners, we all want to maximize our ad revenue and operational efficiency.

Should UEC and UAL Merge?

Thu, 28 Nov 2024 20:11:42 +0800

Is it necessary for two separate consortiums to be established for scale-up and scale-out AI systems? In other words, could the Ultra Ethernet Consortium (UEC) and the Ultra Accelerator Link (UAL) Alliance merge into a single organization?

Comparison Between TCP and UDP

Wed, 27 Nov 2024 23:30:51 +0800

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are two core transport layer protocols in the Internet protocol suite. Each has distinct characteristics and uses, making them suitable for different types of applications.

NVIDIA ConnectX-8 SuperNIC Launches with 800Gbps Networking

Wed, 27 Nov 2024 14:28:52 +0000

At SC24, NVIDIA officially revealed the final form of a product that’s been generating buzz for months — the NVIDIA ConnectX-8.
Unlike traditional network cards, the ConnectX-8 looks strikingly like a compact NVIDIA GPU, signaling a new design direction for high-performance networking hardware.

Inside Meta’s DSF: Multi-Vendor Silicon Powering AI Networks

Sun, 24 Nov 2024 11:18:17 +0800

Meta’s AI data center network is built around a carefully engineered philosophy: vendor diversity at scale. Rather than depending on a single networking silicon provider, Meta’s Disaggregated Scheduled Fabric (DSF) intentionally mixes merchant silicon, custom ASICs, and in-house designs to optimize cost, performance, and long-term supply resilience.

Meta FBNIC 4x100G: Custom Network Silicon Enters Full Deployment

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 16:19:36 +0800

In 2025, the data center industry is undergoing a decisive shift toward hardware autonomy, as hyperscalers increasingly replace merchant silicon with in-house designs. Meta (formerly Facebook) has now crossed a major threshold with the FBNIC 4x100G, a custom network interface controller co-developed with Marvell and deployed at scale across its Prometheus and Yosemite v4 server platforms.

Install Mellanox Network Adapter Drivers on Linux

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 19:50:01 +0800

In older versions of the Linux operating system (such as CentOS 7.4), some network cards may not be recognized, and drivers need to be installed manually.

Why VXLAN Needs EVPN: Solving Data Center Networking Challenges

Sun, 17 Nov 2024 15:48:46 +0800

With the rapid growth of cloud computing and virtualization, traditional enterprise networks are showing limitations in scalability, flexibility, and reliability. To overcome these challenges, overlay networks emerged, allowing logical networks to be built over physical infrastructure.

Among these technologies, VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) has become widely adopted for its scalability and isolation. However, VXLAN alone lacks a proper control plane, relying instead on inefficient flood-and-learn behavior. This is why EVPN (Ethernet VPN) is essential—it provides the intelligence VXLAN needs for modern data centers.

Introduction to VXLAN

Sat, 16 Nov 2024 22:21:26 +0800

Traditional network segmentation technologies, such as VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network), have been in use for decades, but their limitations have become apparent as data center scales and multi-tenancy requirements have grown. To address these challenges, VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) technology was developed.

Introduction to Firewall Basics

Sun, 15 Sep 2024 22:18:50 +0800

Firewalls act as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks, typically positioned between a LAN and a WAN. Their primary role is to inspect all traffic passing through and decide, based on defined security policies, whether to allow or block the traffic.

For example:

Introduction to 400G Optical Modules

Sun, 08 Sep 2024 00:23:33 +0000

As global backbone networks and hyperscale data centers continue to scale, 400G has become the inevitable direction for next-generation upgrades and new infrastructure deployments. This article introduces the fundamentals, standards, and market trends surrounding 400G optical modules, a core technology for modern AI and cloud networks.

High-Speed Growth in HPC Demand Accelerates 224G Ethernet SerDes Technology

Mon, 14 Aug 2023 12:37:51 +0000

Data has become the core asset of the modern digital world, and its growth far exceeds previous expectations. IDC estimates that global data volume will reach 175 ZB by 2025, driving the need for next-generation infrastructure with higher bandwidth and faster network speeds.

Marvell Launches 8-Port mGig PHYs for 2.5G, 5G and 10G Ethernet

Fri, 20 Nov 2020 00:49:41 +0800

Marvell Launches 8-Port mGig PHYs for 2.5G, 5G and 10G Ethernet

Marvell is expanding its multi-gigabit Ethernet portfolio with two new eight-port Alaska PHY devices designed to accelerate the transition from conventional 1GbE connectivity to 2.5GbE, 5GbE, and 10GbE networking.

Networks on GAITPU

Secure QUIC Load Balancing: Why TCP Architectures Must Evolve

Curtiss-Wright Launches SOSA-Aligned 10GbE TSN Switch

NVIDIA Invests $1 Billion in Nokia to Accelerate AI-RAN and 6G

REPS Explained: Lightweight Load Balancing for AI Clusters at Scale

Rohde & Schwarz Launches NEMACS Combat Cloud at ILA Berlin 2026

Wi-Fi 8 Explained: Why Reliability Matters More Than Speed

Ethernet Switch Market Hits $15.4B as NVIDIA Leads Data Center Surge

📊 Market Overview: Record $15.4 Billion Quarter #

The Future of Optical Communication: From Fiber to CPO

T-Head Panmai 920: China's First 400G Smart NIC with PCIe Switch

AWS Resilient Network Graphs: Reinventing Data Center Networking

PACE4ACE: RTX’s Self-Healing Network for Agile Combat Operations

Why NVIDIA Sees Co-Packaged Optics as the Future of AI Networking

SpaceX Secures $2.29 Billion Contract for Pentagon Space Network

Google Jupiter: A Decade of Evolution in Hyperscale Datacenter Networking

AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) Deep Dive: Determinism, Redundancy, and Frame Architecture

Deep Dive Into AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) Architecture

Cisco, Arista, and NVIDIA Battle for AI Networking Dominance

Cisco Q3 2026 Earnings Reveal AI Networking’s New Power Shift

OpenAI MRC Protocol Powers 100,000-GPU AI Superclusters

MRC Protocol Redefines AI Supercomputer Networking

6 ns Hardware Timer: IEEE TC Breakthrough for RDMA and DPU

🔍 Overview #

Rail-Only Networks: How AI Is Redefining Data Center Design

Open Scale-Up Ethernet: The New Battleground for AI Infrastructure

RDMA Explained: The Backbone of High-Performance Networking

Mastering tcpdump: A Complete Guide to Linux Network Analysis

G.652.D vs G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Single-Mode Fiber Guide

Flat vs Round Cat6 Cables: Which Ethernet Cable Should You Choose?

AI Networking Boom: Ethernet Switch Market Hits $55B

📈 A Breakout Year for Ethernet Switching #

DAC vs AOC Cables: Choosing High-Speed Interconnects for 2026 Data Centers and AI Clusters

AI Networking 2026: Cisco, Arista, and Huawei Lead

Linux IP Configuration Guide: Setting IPv4 and IPv6

iPerf3 Guide: Measuring Network Bandwidth Effectively

102.4T AI Switch Battle: ByteDance vs Alibaba Architectures

nftables vs iptables: The Future of Linux Firewalls

Cisco Silicon One G300: 102.4T AI Backbone for Agentic Era

Why Ethernet Is Taking Over AI Data Center Networking

Distributed Architecture: From Routers to AI Data Center Supernodes

🧱 Networking Planes: The Foundation of Distribution #

ByteDance Unveils 102.4T AI Switch and HPN 6.0 to Power 100K-GPU Clusters

🚀 From Data Pipe to Productivity Engine #

IFEC Explained: Memory-Semantic Acceleration Over Ethernet Scale-Up

🧠 Scale-Up Networks Become the New Compute Primitive #

Wi-Fi vs Bluetooth vs NFC: Wireless Technologies Compared

China Enters Phase Two of 6G Technical Trials

Designing Embedded Network Interfaces: MAC, PHY, and RMII

5G and Edge Computing: Powering Real-Time Intelligence

NAT Server Explained: Publishing Internal Services Securely

TCP vs UDP Explained: Principles, Processes, and Key Differences

VXLAN Explained: Scalable Network Virtualization for Modern Data Centers

Post-Cisco Era: How Arista Signals the Future of Networking

The Evolution of Network Security: From Firewalls to GenAI

Ethernet Evolution: 1G vs 2.5G vs 5G Network Ports Explained

SmartNICs and DPUs: The New Backbone of Data Centers in 2025

ByteDance veRoCE Makes RDMA Work on Lossy Networks

🚀 RDMA Meets the Reality of Modern AI Clusters #

RDMA Explained: How Remote Direct Memory Access Works

Future-Proofing Time-Sensitive Networking: A Practical Roadmap

HPE Launches 102.4T AI Switch and 1.6T Edge Router After Juniper Integration

8 Essential Network Protocols Every Developer Should Know

How SmartNICs Became the Hero of Modern Data Centers

Demystifying MP-BGP EVPN VXLAN: A Complete Guide

Understand Ultra Ethernet Three Types of Networks Explained

Digital Twins Powering The US Department of Defense’s Network Modernization

AMD Pensando Pollara 400G NIC Enters AI Data Center Deployment

VCF 9.0 Provides a Unified Cloud Consumption Experience

New Features in VCF Automation #

How to Use mlxlink to Diagnose NVIDIA ConnectX-6 NICs

How to Install Apache MySQL PHP (LAMP Stack) on Ubuntu 24.04

Introduction #

How to Set Up a Secure Apache Server on Ubuntu 24.04

Linux Socket Programming How To

Overview #

Introduction to Ethernet PHY, MAC, and Their Communication Interfaces

100 Network Basics Every Developer and Engineer Should Know

IPSec vs SSL VPN: Architecture, Security, and Use Cases

Linux NAT and Port Forwarding Explained

📊 Market Overview: Record $15.4 Billion Quarter
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🔍 Overview
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📈 A Breakout Year for Ethernet Switching
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🧱 Networking Planes: The Foundation of Distribution
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🚀 From Data Pipe to Productivity Engine
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🧠 Scale-Up Networks Become the New Compute Primitive
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🚀 RDMA Meets the Reality of Modern AI Clusters
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New Features in VCF Automation
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Introduction
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Overview
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What is a Switch?
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